EIS FRUITS AND VEGETABLES GROWTH MONITORING DEVICE USING AD5933 /
Ahmed Abo Bakr Aly Abdellatif
- 2018
- 83 p. ill. 21 cm.
Supervisor:
Thesis (M.A.)โNile University, Egypt, 2018 .
"Includes bibliographical references"
Contents: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ IV LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... VII NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................... IX ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... X CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 11 1.1. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION 11 1.2. FOOD QUALITY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 11 1.3. ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 12 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................. 13 2.1. INTRODUCTION 13 2.1.1. Historical Introduction ............................................................................. 13 2.2. INTRODUCTION TO BIO-IMPEDANCE: TECHNIQUES, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS. 14 2.2.1. Electrical and Bio-Impedance .................................................................. 14 2.2.2. Bio-Impedance Measurement Techniques ............................................... 16 2.2.3. Bio-Impedance Measurement Devices ..................................................... 17 2.2.4. Electrodes ................................................................................................. 18 2.3. RELATED WORK 19 2.3.1. Nondestructive Quality Measurement ...................................................... 19 2.3.1.1. Density ..................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.1.1. Fluidized โbed Technology .............................................................................. 20 2.3.1.1.2. Machine Vision ................................................................................................ 21 2.3.1.2. Mechanical Properties .............................................................................................. 21 2.3.1.3. Electromagnetic Properties ...................................................................................... 21 2.3.1.4. Bio-impedance ......................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2. Bio-impedance Non-destructive Investigation for Fruits and Vegetables 23 2.3.2.1. Apples ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.2.2. Banana ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2.3. Kaki ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2.4. Kiwi ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2.5. Cucumber ................................................................................................................. 25 2.3.2.6. Nectarine .................................................................................................................. 25 2.3.2.7. Strawberry ................................................................................................................ 26 2.3.2.8. Tomato ..................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.3. Plants Cell Models ................................................................................... 28 2.3.3.1. Integer-Order Models ............................................................................................... 28 2.3.3.1.1. The Hayden Model ........................................................................................... 28 2.3.3.1.2. The Double Shell Model ................................................................................... 29 2.3.3.1.3. Model for Garut Citrus Fruits .......................................................................... 31 2.3.3.2. Fractional order Models ........................................................................................... 31 2.3.3.2.1. The Single Dispersion Model (Cole-Cole) ....................................................... 31 2.3.3.2.2. The Double Dispersion Model (Cole-Cole) ...................................................... 32 v 2.3.3.2.3. The Fractional Simplified Hayden Model and Fractional Double Shell Model32 CHAPTER 3 : AD5933 HARDWARE SURVEY AND PROPOSED PROTOTYPE ....................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1. INTRODUCTION 36 3.2. AD5933 IMPEDANCE ANALYZER CHIP 37 3.3. IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT STAGES AND PROCEDURES. 37 3.4. HARDWARE RESEARCH MOTIVATION 38 3.5. AD5933 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS: A REVIEW 39 3.6. PROPOSED PROTOTYPE 47 CHAPTER 4 GROWTH MONITORING AND BEST MODEL VERIFICATION ....................................................................................................................................... 54 4.1. APPLES AGING EFFECT 54 4.1.1. AD5933 Evaluation Board ....................................................................... 54 4.1.2. Extracting Cole Plot for One Apple ......................................................... 55 4.1.2.1. Challenges ................................................................................................................ 55 4.1.2.1.1. Electrode Position and Penetration Depth ....................................................... 55 4.1.2.1.2. Penetration Vs Surface Electrode .................................................................... 56 4.1.2.1.3. Insufficient Frequency Range ........................................................................... 57 4.1.3. Experimental Setup .................................................................................. 60 4.1.4. Results and Discussion ............................................................................. 63 4.2. BANANA RIPENING BIO-IMPEDANCE MONITOR 65 4.2.1. Experimental Setup .................................................................................. 66 4.2.2. Results and Discussion ............................................................................. 67 4.3. EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON FOR INTEGER/FRACTIONAL-ORDER BIO-IMPEDANCE MODELLING 68 4.3.1. Experimental setup ................................................................................... 69 4.3.2. Discussion ................................................................................................ 71 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ............................................ 76 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 77
Abstract: Fruit quality assessment has gained a great focus, either from researchers or from consumers, due to the recent diseases and health threats as a result of eating contaminated or unhealthy food products. According to these consumer demands, many trials had been performed to deeply investigate the fruit tissues, to assist in determining quality, age, solid soluble content, calories and other fruits and vegetables related parameters. This thesis discuss proposed hardware system that can be used to relate between models parameters and chemical or physical properties to facilitate the process of determining fruits and vegetables quality or contamination parameters. Different experimental studies have been applied to verify either the ability of the hardware to measure the impedance in the specific frequency range or to verify the physical parameters and its relation to model parameters. To find the best model fitting for different fruits and vegetables, experimental comparison has been applied for different models to get the best-fit results. The embedded hardware system introduced can be used to monitor the real time growth for fruits and vegetables while they are still on field, impedance wireless sensor network can be used to cover typical field area with number of fruits to continuously monitor the impedance changes, which later can be related to growth phase . The system works on the range of frequencies 5๐พโ๐ง to 100๐พโ๐ง which is quietly enough frequency range for different applications, especially in the biological one. All the results were discussed and conclusion was made to relate the acquired parameters to the results to show its effect on the impedance parameters. To accomplish this, a full set of bio-impedance results have been measured for different types of fruits and vegetables, then different models have been used to fit the experimental results to find the best fit model to be used as parameters extraction model.