TY - BOOK AU - Mayo,Frederic B. TI - Planning an applied research project in hospitality, tourism, and sports SN - 9781118637227 (pbk.) AV - TX911.5 .M38 2014 U1 - 338.47910072 23 PY - 2014///] CY - Hoboken, New Jersey PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. KW - Hospitality industry KW - Research KW - Methodology KW - Tourism KW - Sports KW - Services and specific products KW - Economics KW - Production KW - Secondary industries and services N1 - Includes bibliographical references and index; Chapter 1 Reading and Analyzing Research 1 Introduction 1 Industry Articles and Reports 1 White Papers 2 Definition of a Scholarly Journal Article 4 Sport Management Memos 8 Locations of Scholarly Articles 8 Quantitative versus Qualitative Research 10 Structure of Scholarly Articles 12 Structure of Quantitative Articles 14 Structure of Qualitative or Theoretical Articles 14 Structure of Research Reports or Studies 15 Evaluating Scholarly Articles 16 Summary 21 Key Terms 21 Works Cited in This Chapter 21 Chapter 2 Developing an Interest or Topic 23 Introduction 23 Ways to Find Topics: Your Manager or Your Professor 23 Ways to Find Topics: Review of Past Reading 24 Ways to Find Topics: New Reading 24 Ways to Find Topics: Interviewing 25 Ways to Find Topics: Brainstorming 26 Ways to Find Topics: Conversing 26 Ways to Find Topics: Faculty Suggestions 26 Clarifying and Selecting Areas of Interest 27 Cognitive Mapping 28 Purpose Statements 30 Types of Research 31 Importance of a Purpose Statement 32 Developing Research Questions 32 Purpose Statements and Problem Statements 36 Criteria for Effective Purpose Statements 37 Summary 38 Key Terms 38 Works Cited in This Chapter 38 Chapter 3 Conducting a Literature Review 39 Introduction 39 Definition of a Literature Review 39 Purposes of a Literature Review 42 Finding Scholarly Articles 44 Order of Reading Scholarly Journal Articles 46 What to Look for When Reading Articles 48 Research Methods 49 Taking Notes as You Read 50 Evaluating Articles 52 Preparing an Annotated Bibliography 53 Making a Literature Review Effective and Interesting to Do 55 Summary 56 Key Terms 57 Works Cited in This Chapter 57 Chapter 4 Reviewing and Revising your Purpose Statement 60 Introduction 60 Reasons for Revising Purpose Statements 60 Importance and Significance of a Purpose Statement 62 Purpose Statement and Supporting Dimensions 62 Process of Reviewing and Revising 64 Criteria for a Good Purpose Statement 66 Refocusing the Research 67 A Flexible Process 67 Doping in the Tour De France—Changing Impossible to Attainable 68 Locally Grown Food—from Behavior to Modifi cation 69 Servicescape to Self-Service Technology 70 Product Placement in Video Games 71 Final Thoughts 72 Summary 73 Key Terms 73 Works Cited in This Chapter 73 Chapter 5 Writing a Literature Review 74 Introduction 74 Purposes of a Completed Literature Review 75 Audience 78 Voice and Tone 79 The Perspective of a Literature Review 80 Constructing the Written Literature Review 82 Criteria for a Good Literature Review 83 Summary 84 Key Terms 85 Works Cited in This Chapter 85 Chapter 6 Forms of Qualitative Research 87 Introduction 87 Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research 87 Purposes of Qualitative Research 89 Primary and Secondary Data 90 Types of Qualitative Research 91 Biographies and Histories 92 Case Studies 92 Conceptual Overviews or Reports of the Field 93 Content Analysis 94 Ethnographical Studies 95 Grounded Theory 95 Phenomenology 96 Program Evaluations 97 Advocacy Paper or Feasibility Study 98 Analyzing Information in Qualitative Research 98 Summary 99 Key Terms 100 Works Cited in This Chapter 100 Chapter 7 Forms of Quantitative Research 102 Introduction 102 Purposes of Quantitative Research 103 Types of Quantitative Research 105 Survey Research 105 Experimental Research 106 Post-Hoc Research 108 Developmental Research 109 Forecasting 110 Role of Hypotheses 112 Overcoming Confounding Variables 114 Determinations of Signifi cance 115 Mixed Methods 116 The Research Hourglass 118 Summary 119 Key Terms 120 Works Cited in This Chapter 120 Chapter 8 Sampling Issues in Research 122 Introduction 122 Reasons for Sampling 123 Strategies for Selecting a Sample 124 Sample Selection Process 125 Sampling Strategies 125 Probability Sampling Strategies 126 Non-Probability Sampling Strategies 128 Sources of Sampling Bias: Systemic Bias 131 Sources of Sampling Bias: Respondent Bias 132 Sources of Sampling Bias: Interviewer Bias 133 Sample Size 135 Summary 136 Key Terms 136 Works Cited in This Chapter 137 Chapter 9 Validity, Reliability, and Credibility in Research 138 Introduction 138 Credibility 138 Validity 139 Dependent and Independent Variables 140 Internal Validity 142 Forms of Instrument Validity 143 External Validity 146 Threats to External Validity 147 Reliability 148 Selecting a Research Design 149 Suggestions to Ensure Validity and Reliability 150 Summary 151 Key Terms 151 Works Cited in This Chapter 151 Chapter 10 Research Techniques—Interviews 153 Introduction 153 Using Interviews 153 Formats of Interviews 156 The Interview Protocol 157 Contacting the Interviewee 160 Preparing for the Interview 161 Stages of a Research Interview 163 Unusual Interview Formats 166 Group Interviews 166 Door-to-Door Interviews 167 Follow Up Interviews 168 Summary 168 Key Terms 169 Works Cited in This Chapter 169 Chapter 11 Research Techniques—Questionnaires 171 Introduction 171 Purposes of Questionnaires 171 Types of Questionnaires 173 Advantages and Disadvantages 175 Developing Questionnaires 176 Types of Questions 178 Electronic Questionnaires 181 Sequencing Questions 182 Demographic Data 182 Questionnaire Administration 183 Questionnaire Presentation 185 Privacy and Permission 186 Incentives 188 Summary 188 Key Terms 188 Works Cited in This Chapter 189 Chapter 12 Research Techniques: Observations, Focus Groups, and Other Techniques 191 Introduction 191 Benefits of Observational Research 191 Bias in Conducting Objective Observations 193 Challenges and Recommendations for Conducting Objective Observations 194 Observational Roles 196 Focus Groups 199 Benefits of Focus Groups 199 Challenges and Recommendations for Conducting Focus Groups 200 Size of Focus Groups 202 Expert Panels 202 Benefits of Expert Panels 203 Challenges and Recommendations in Conducting Expert Panels 204 Content Analysis 205 Benefits of Content Analysis 206 Challenges and Recommendations in Using Content Analysis 207 Coding in Content Analysis 209 Summary 210 Key Terms 211 Works Cited in This Chapter 211 Chapter 13 Analyzing Data and Other Information 213 Introduction 213 Steps in Analyzing Information 213 Collecting the Information 214 Immersing Yourself in the Data 215 Coding Data for Privacy and Record Keeping 217 Reviewing the Research Questions or Objectives 218 Organizing and Sorting Information 218 Identifying Relationships and Patterns 219 Quantitative Analysis of Patterns 221 Qualitative Analysis of Patterns 222 Reviewing the Data 223 Interpreting the Findings 224 Displaying Information 226 Significance 228 Summary 229 Key Terms 229 Works Cited in This Chapter 229 Chapter 14 Writing a Research Proposal 231 Introduction 231 Reasons for a Proposal 231 Elements of a Proposal 233 Audience and Point of View 237 Prefatory Documents 238 Executive Summary 238 Tips for Writing an Executive Summary 239 Other Supporting Documents 240 Introduction and Conclusion 241 Criteria for a Good Research Proposal 242 Summary 244 Key Terms 245 Works Cited in This Chapter 245 Appendix A Writing an Annotated Bibliography 246 The following Appendices are available at www.wiley.com/college/mayo Appendix B Refereed Scholarly Journals Appendix C Hospitality, Tourism, and Sports Websites Appendix D Bibliographical Tools Appendix E Popular Databases Index 255 N2 - Planning an Applied Research Project in Hospitality, Tourism and Sports provides a comprehensive and carefully structured treatment of all the aspects involved in planning a research project. Instead of being a statistically oriented book, this text provides a conceptual and process-oriented approach to planning and conducting research. Written for both students and professionals, it is easy to read, short, and to the point, i.e., practical ER -