Implementation of A Pulsed Wave Spectral Doppler on FPGA / (Record no. 8904)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 09135nam a22002537a 4500 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 210215b2018 a|||f mb|| 00| 0 eng d |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Original cataloging agency | EG-CaNU |
| Transcribing agency | EG-CaNU |
| 041 0# - Language Code | |
| Language code of text | eng |
| Language code of abstract | eng |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 621 |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Moamen Ahmed Abu Bakr |
| 245 1# - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Implementation of A Pulsed Wave Spectral Doppler on FPGA / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. | Moamen Ahmed Abu Bakr |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2018 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 105 p. |
| Other physical details | ill. |
| Dimensions | 21 cm. |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| Materials specified | Supervisor: Ahmed G. Radwan |
| 502 ## - Dissertation Note | |
| Dissertation type | Thesis (M.A.)—Nile University, Egypt, 2018 . |
| 504 ## - Bibliography | |
| Bibliography | "Includes bibliographical references" |
| 505 0# - Contents | |
| Formatted contents note | Contents:<br/>Chapter 1 : Introduction ................................................................................................ 1<br/>1.1 Research objectives............................................................................................ 2<br/>1.2 Research organization ........................................................................................ 2<br/>Chapter 2 : Background ................................................................................................ 3<br/>2.1 Ultrasound historical background ...................................................................... 3<br/>2.1.1 Progress of ultrasound through enabling technologies ............................... 3<br/>2.1.2 Impact of advanced electronics on modern ultrasound .............................. 5<br/>2.2 Medical ultrasound imaging .............................................................................. 8<br/>2.2.1 Ultrasound waves ....................................................................................... 9<br/>2.2.1.1 Frequency, speed, and wavelength ...................................................... 9<br/>2.2.1.2 Pressure and intensity ........................................................................ 11<br/>2.2.1.3 Reflection and scattering ................................................................... 12<br/>2.2.1.4 Attenuation and absorption ............................................................... 14<br/>2.2.2 System architecture .................................................................................. 15<br/>2.2.2.1 Imaging modes .................................................................................. 16<br/>2.2.2.2 Transducers ....................................................................................... 16<br/>2.2.2.3 Front-end ........................................................................................... 19<br/>2.2.2.3.1 Transmitters ..................................................................................... 19<br/>2.2.2.3.2 Receivers ......................................................................................... 20<br/>2.2.2.3.3 Array beamforming ......................................................................... 21<br/>2.2.2.4 Back-End ........................................................................................... 23<br/>Chapter 3 : Doppler Ultrasound Systems .................................................................. 27<br/>3.1 Physical principles of Doppler ultrasound ....................................................... 27<br/>3.2 Interaction between ultrasound and moving blood .......................................... 28<br/>3.2.1 Blood flow ................................................................................................ 28<br/>3.2.2 Scattering from blood ............................................................................... 28<br/>VIII<br/>3.3 Spectral Doppler systems ................................................................................ 30<br/>3.3.1 Continuous wave systems ........................................................................ 30<br/>3.3.2 Pulsed wave systems ................................................................................ 34<br/>Chapter 4 : Design and Implementation .................................................................... 41<br/>4.1 Recent trends in ultrasound systems architecture ........................................... 41<br/>4.2 The DIGISON ultrasound system ................................................................... 43<br/>4.2.1 Overview and main features .................................................................... 43<br/>4.2.2 System architecture .................................................................................. 44<br/>4.3 Design of the pulsed wave spectral Doppler module ...................................... 46<br/>4.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 46<br/>4.3.2 Simulink reference model ........................................................................ 47<br/>4.3.2.1 Model configuration and testing ....................................................... 48<br/>4.3.2.1.1 RF data analysis .............................................................................. 49<br/>4.3.2.1.2 Quadrature demodulator ................................................................. 50<br/>4.3.2.1.3 Range gate integration .................................................................... 52<br/>4.3.2.1.4 Wall filter ........................................................................................ 53<br/>4.3.2.1.5 Spectrogram .................................................................................... 54<br/>4.3.3 Hardware–Software partitioning .............................................................. 55<br/>4.3.4 The switching mixer ................................................................................ 56<br/>4.3.4.1 Comparing the two mixing methods ................................................ 56<br/>4.3.4.2 Generating the mixing signals .......................................................... 57<br/>4.3.4.3 Simulink model using the switching mixer ...................................... 58<br/>4.4 Implementation on the FPGA ......................................................................... 60<br/>4.4.1 Schematic of the Doppler module ............................................................ 61<br/>4.4.2 Quadrature demodulator .......................................................................... 62<br/>4.4.2.1 Mixer ................................................................................................ 62<br/>4.4.2.2 Low pass filter .................................................................................. 64<br/>4.4.3 Range gate integration ............................................................................. 66<br/>4.4.3.1 Accumulator ..................................................................................... 66<br/>4.4.3.2 Scaler ................................................................................................ 68<br/>4.4.4 Design validation ..................................................................................... 69<br/>4.4.5 System integration ................................................................................... 70<br/>4.5 Experimental results ........................................................................................ 71<br/>4.5.1 String phantom results ............................................................................. 71<br/>4.5.2 In vivo results ........................................................................................... 73<br/>IX<br/>Chapter 5 : Conclusions and Recommendations ....................................................... 75<br/>5.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 75<br/>5.2 Recommendations for future research ............................................................. 76<br/>References ............... |
| 520 3# - Abstract | |
| Abstract | Abstract:<br/>Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound is used today in the diagnosis of cardiovascular<br/>diseases and blood flow abnormalities. Doppler techniques have gained significance due<br/>to its safety, real-time performance and affordability. Most modern ultrasound systems<br/>have a Doppler mode.<br/>This work aims to develop a pulsed wave spectral Doppler module to be integrated<br/>into an ultrasound system. After reviewing the available algorithms and implementation<br/>techniques, a design was selected. Simulation models were built to test the design and<br/>identify the optimal implementation strategy. Building upon the models, the design was<br/>divided into a hardware part to be implemented on an FPGA and a software part that<br/>should run on a PC. The FPGA design was implemented in schematics and Verilog and<br/>simulated with real data. The design process was iterated and modifications were applied<br/>until satisfactory results have been achieved.<br/>The final design was integrated into an ultrasound system provided by IBE<br/>Technologies, Giza, Egypt. The software and the system integration were done in<br/>collaboration with the engineers at IBE Tech. and are not covered here. The developed<br/>module was tested using test equipment and in-vivo. The results of the testing procedures<br/>proved that the performance of the system is acceptable. |
| 546 ## - Language Note | |
| Language Note | Text in English, abstracts in English. |
| 650 #4 - Subject | |
| Subject | MSD |
| 655 #7 - Index Term-Genre/Form | |
| Source of term | NULIB |
| focus term | Dissertation, Academic |
| 690 ## - Subject | |
| School | MSD |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Koha item type | Thesis |
| 650 #4 - Subject | |
| -- | 317 |
| 655 #7 - Index Term-Genre/Form | |
| -- | 187 |
| 690 ## - Subject | |
| -- | 317 |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Source of classification or shelving scheme | Damaged status | Not for loan | Home library | Current library | Date acquired | Total Checkouts | Full call number | Date last seen | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Main library | Main library | 02/15/2021 | 621 / M.A.I /2018 | 02/15/2021 | 02/15/2021 | Thesis |