MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
15627nam a22002657a 4500 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
201210b2024 a|||f bm|| 00| 0 eng d |
| 024 7# - Author Identifier |
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| Standard number or code |
0009-0001-1228-6806 |
| Source of number or code |
ORCID |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
EG-CaNU |
| Transcribing agency |
EG-CaNU |
| 041 0# - Language Code |
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| Language code of text |
eng |
| Language code of abstract |
eng |
| -- |
ara |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
658.4 |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Amr Mohamed Elsayed Abdel Kader Hashem |
| 245 1# - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Quantifying Mobile Broadband Disparity |
| Remainder of title |
:Application in Egyptian Context |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
/Amr Mohamed Elsayed Abdel Kader Hashem |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2024 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
147 p. |
| Other physical details |
ill. |
| Dimensions |
21 cm. |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| Materials specified |
Supervisor: <br/>Tarek Khalil |
| 502 ## - Dissertation Note |
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| Dissertation type |
Thesis (PH.D)—Nile University, Egypt, 2024 . |
| 504 ## - Bibliography |
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| Bibliography |
"Includes bibliographical references" |
| 505 0# - Contents |
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| Formatted contents note |
Contents:<br/>CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL .....................................................................................................I<br/>COPYRIGHT.........................................................................................................................................II<br/>DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................................III<br/>ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................................................IV<br/>DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................... V<br/>ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................VI<br/>CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ VII<br/>LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................... X<br/>LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................................. XII<br/>LIST OF EQUATIONS.....................................................................................................................XIII<br/>LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................................XIV<br/>1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1<br/>1.1 DIGITAL INEQUALITY IN EGYPT.............................................................................................. 5<br/>1.2 RESEARCH CONTEXT .............................................................................................................. 8<br/>1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION ........................................................................................ 9<br/>2. MOBILE BROADBAND EQUITY ........................................................................................... 11<br/>2.1 MOBILE BROADBAND MARKET IN EGYPT............................................................................. 11<br/>2.1.1 Diffusion of MBB technologies in Egypt......................................................................... 12<br/>2.1.2 Digital Equity in Rural Egypt ......................................................................................... 15<br/>2.1.3 MBB equity obligations on Mobile Network Operators.................................................. 17<br/>2.1.4 Universal Service Fund................................................................................................... 20<br/>2.1.5 Haya Karima................................................................................................................... 22<br/>2.2 ANALYZING MBB EQUITY IN THE CONTEXT OF TECHNOLOGY ACTIVATION THEORY.......... 24<br/>2.2.1 REST Model .................................................................................................................... 24<br/>2.2.2 Utilizing REST model for analysis of MBB in Rural Egypt............................................. 26<br/>2.2.3 Measuring Digital Equity................................................................................................ 26<br/>2.3 MEASURING MBB................................................................................................................ 28<br/>2.3.1 Structured Tests for MBB Measurement ......................................................................... 28<br/>2.3.2 Crowd-sourced MBB Measurements .............................................................................. 29<br/>2.3.3 Sources of Crowdsourced Data for Network Measurements .......................................... 32<br/>2.3.4 Academic research utilizing Crowdsourced data ........................................................... 34<br/>2.3.5 Considerations for using Crowd-sourced Analytics ....................................................... 42<br/>2.4 NIGHT-TIME LIGHT APPLICATIONS....................................................................................... 45<br/>2.4.1 NTL utilization for Economic Analysis ........................................................................... 46<br/>2.4.2 Economic studies using NTL studies in Egypt ................................................................ 47<br/>2.5 TOWARDS QUANTIFYING DIGITAL EQUITY ACROSS EGYPT .................................................. 48<br/>2.5.1 Acquiring data for calculating the MBB gap .................................................................. 49<br/>2.5.2 Studying the correlation between MBB and income variance ........................................ 50<br/>viii<br/>3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................................... 51<br/>3.1 RESEARCH PROBLEMS .......................................................................................................... 51<br/>3.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................... 51<br/>3.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES........................................................................................................ 52<br/>3.3.1 Validate crowd-sourced data reliability ......................................................................... 52<br/>3.3.2 Study the gap in MBB infrastructure in Egypt ................................................................ 52<br/>3.3.3 Develop tools for analyzing MBB diffusion .................................................................... 52<br/>3.4 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE..................................................................................................... 52<br/>3.4.1 Support to Industry: ........................................................................................................ 52<br/>3.4.2 Academic Contribution:.................................................................................................. 53<br/>3.5 RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................................................................ 53<br/>3.5.1 Section 1 (objective 3.3.1): ............................................................................................. 54<br/>3.5.2 Section 2 (objective 3.3.2)............................................................................................... 55<br/>3.5.3 Section 3 (objective 3.1.3)............................................................................................... 57<br/>3.5.4 Summary of Research Method:....................................................................................... 58<br/>3.6 DATA COLLECTION .............................................................................................................. 59<br/>3.6.1 Selection of CSD source.................................................................................................. 59<br/>3.6.2 Limitations of crowd-sourced data ................................................................................. 59<br/>3.6.3 NTRA MBB QoS Tests Data............................................................................................ 60<br/>3.6.4 Egypt Economic and Geographical Data ....................................................................... 60<br/>3.6.5 NTL Data ........................................................................................................................ 60<br/>3.7 DATA ANALYSIS:.................................................................................................................. 61<br/>3.7.1 Tools: .............................................................................................................................. 61<br/>3.7.2 Procedure: ...................................................................................................................... 62<br/>3.7.3 Advantages of proposed Methodology ............................................................................ 62<br/>3.7.4 Limitations of proposed Methodology ............................................................................ 62<br/>4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................ 65<br/>4.1 SECTION 1 ............................................................................................................................ 65<br/>4.1.1 Selection of Crowd-Sourced Data Set............................................................................. 65<br/>4.1.2 Comparing Structured vs. Crowd-sourced Tests Results................................................ 67<br/>4.1.3 Summary of Section 1...................................................................................................... 72<br/>4.2 SECTION 2 ............................................................................................................................ 73<br/>4.2.1 Urban-Rural Broadband Gap......................................................................................... 73<br/>4.2.2 Beyond NTRA tests.......................................................................................................... 76<br/>4.2.3 Broadband Equity in Egypt............................................................................................. 79<br/>4.2.4 Summary of Section 2...................................................................................................... 80<br/>4.3 SECTION 3 ............................................................................................................................ 82<br/>4.3.1 utilizing NTL to analyze economic performance............................................................. 82<br/>4.3.2 Download Speed vs NTL................................................................................................. 84<br/>4.3.3 Summary of Section 3...................................................................................................... 89<br/>ix<br/>5. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................ 91<br/>5.1 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 91<br/>5.2 IMPLICATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY ......................................................... 93<br/>5.2.1 For Policymakers: .......................................................................................................... 94<br/>5.2.2 For Telecom Operators: ................................................................................................. 94<br/>5.2.3 For Developmental and Non-Government Organizations:............................................. 95<br/>5.2.4 For Academia: ................................................................................................................ 95<br/>5.3 FUTURE RESEARCH .............................................................................................................. 96<br/>REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 99<br/>APPENDICES..................................................................................................................................... 111<br/>A.1.COMPARISON BETWEEN CSD SOURCES .......................................................................... 112<br/>A.2. PROCESSING OOKLA DATA................................................................................................. 116<br/>A.3. PROCESSING NTRA TESTS MAP......................................................................................... 120<br/>A.4. BUILDING THE URBAN-RURAL LAND MODEL FOR EGYPT...................................... 123<br/>A.5. PUBLICATION 1 ....................................................................................................................... 124<br/>A.6. PUBLICATION 2 ....................................................................................................................... 126 |
| 520 3# - Abstract |
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| Abstract |
Abstract:<br/>With the advancement in mobile broadband technologies, geographical coverage is no longer <br/>enough to assure that people have the necessary infrastructure to enable them to reap the full <br/>benefits of digital transformation. Quality of access and more importantly its equity among <br/>citizens in urban and rural areas becomes a critical factor to monitor. This study aims to <br/>quantify the gap between urban and rural areas in Egypt using publicly available data and <br/>investigate the impact of variance in wealth on broadband quality on sub-regional level as <br/>suggested by Technology Activation Theory. The study starts by comparing results of <br/>structured mobile broadband networks tests conducted by Egyptian Telecom Regulator <br/>following European Telecom Standard Institute (ETSI) standard with crowdsourced tests <br/>conducted by Egyptian users through Ookla Speedtest platform over the period 2020-2021. <br/>The study proves a strong correlation of 70-80% between download speed tests results of <br/>structured testing and crowdsourced data, which implies that results of crowdsourced <br/>download speed tests could provide a fair representation of mobile broadband network <br/>quality. The crowdsourced download data is then amended by population and geographic <br/>data to study the gap in broadband quality between urban and rural areas in Egypt. The study <br/>finds the gap to be varying around 50% throughout 2020-2021 in Egypt. The study constructs <br/>a curve for population access to mobile broadband speeds under the name of Effective Mobile <br/>Reach (EMR) curve and calculates a Mobile Broadband Inequity Coefficient (MBBIC) for <br/>Egypt to increase from 64.19% in Q1, 2020 to 65.25% in Q4,2021 indicating a deterioration <br/>in broadband equity between urban and rural areas. The study found very little correlation <br/>between variance in network quality with variance in Night-time light captured by remote <br/>sensing satellites, which was found to provide results for variance in income in Egypt close <br/>to results obtained for GINI coefficient, a globally accepted indicator of wealth distribution. <br/>Using MBBIC provides a clear metric for measurement of broadband equity within and <br/>between nations which improves the global efforts for human development, especially within <br/>the framework of United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. It also directs <br/>government policies for assessment of readiness of the general public for accessing digital <br/>social services.<br/>Keywords<br/>Digital Equity, crowdsourced data, technology activation, night time light, broadband <br/>mobile networks, Egypt |
| 546 ## - Language Note |
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| Language Note |
Text in English, abstracts in English and Arabic |
| 650 #4 - Subject |
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| Subject |
MOT |
| 655 #7 - Index Term-Genre/Form |
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| Source of term |
NULIB |
| focus term |
Dissertation, Academic |
| 690 ## - Subject |
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| School |
MOT |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |
| 650 #4 - Subject |
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| -- |
309 |
| 655 #7 - Index Term-Genre/Form |
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| -- |
187 |
| 690 ## - Subject |
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| -- |
309 |